Sådan kom vi frem til tallene i Verdens Bedste Nyheder

Tal kan være en velsignelse – og en forbandelse. Ikke mindst når det gælder målingerne på klodens aktuelle tilstand. Du kan her læse hvordan vi er kommet frem til de tal, som er brugt i vores VERDENS BEDSTE NYHEDER

Alle data stammer fra FN og FNs mange specialagenturer. Som udgangspunkt er de tal og procenter, vi har benyttet fra den seneste 2015 Måls rapport, The Millennium Development Goals Report 2010 fra den 23. juni 2010.

Enkelte steder har vi dog benyttet data fra andre FN-kilder, herunder 2009 status rapporten, The Millennium Development Goals Report 2009 og UNDPs International Assessment Report. Det fremgår nedenfor præcist hvor.

2015 Måls data stammer fra den officielle 2015 Måls database, som vedligeholdes af FN statistiske kontor i samarbejde med FN organisationer og andre udviklingsaktører, herunder UNDPs Human Development Report og Verdensbankens World Development Indicators.

Data som offentliggøres i f.eks. The Millennium Development Goals Report 2010 er data indsamlet i 2008. Dette medfører bl.a. at konsekvenserne af f.eks. finanskrisen ikke kan aflæses i tallene endnu. Da data har lang vej fra de statslige myndigheder, som indsamler dem og til de når FN må vi naturligt nok tage forbehold for de helt præcise tal. Men eftersom hele FN systemet og verdens udviklingsaktører nu i ti år har målt det samme og med bedre og bedre metode og nøjagtighed bliver tallene heldigvis konstant mere og mere præcise. Derudover kan der nogle gange være politik gemt i for gode eller for dårlige data. Der kan være rivalisering mellem forskellige udviklingsområder og fundraising motiver for at fastholde hhv. lave eller høje tal.

2015 Målene blev til i år 2000 og dengang lå grænsen for eksterm fattigdom på 1 USD om dagen. Siden er den ekstreme fattigdomsgrænse rykket til 1,25 USD om dagen.

Vi har i VERDENS BEDSTE NYHEDER bestræbt os på at vælge de mest troværdige og aktuelle data, men vi vil ikke afvise, at vi også kan have begået fejl og vil gerne på forhånd tage forbehold for eventuelle unøjagtigheder.

Sådan kom vi frem til de seks VERDENS BEDSTE NYHEDER annoncer:

58 MILLIONER FLERE FATTIGE BØRN HAR FÅET SUL PÅ KROPPEN

Siden 1990 er andelen af undervægtige, fattige småbørn faldet med 36 procent

WHO – Millennium Development Goals: progress towards the health-related Millennium Development Goals

Children’s nutrition has improved. The percentage of underweight children is estimated to have declined from 25% in 1990 to 16% in 2010. But 104 million children are still undernourished.

MDG Report 2010

From 1990 to 2008, the proportion of children under five in the developing regions who are underweight declined from 31 per cent to 26 per cent. Progress in reducing underweight prevalence among children has been made in all regions except Western Asia. Eastern Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and CIS countries in Asia have reached or nearly reached the MDG target, and South-Eastern Asia and Northern Africa are on track. Progress is being made, but not fast enough to reach the MDG target. Data are not yet available to fully understand the impact of the food and financial crises on underweight prevalence, but the achievement of the MDG target may be further threatened by them.

Vores beregning

Med et fald fra 1990 til 2010 på 36 procent og med 104 mio. børn, der fortsat er underernærede, svarer faldet i antallet af børn til 58,5 mio.

400 MILLIONER FATTIGE FORSVUNDET

MDG Report 2010

Goal 1 – Target: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day
Robust growth in the first half of the decade reduced the number of people in developing regions living on less than $1.25 a day from 1.8 billion in 1990 to 1.4 billion in 2005, while the poverty rate dropped from 46 per cent to 27 per cent. The global economic and financial crisis, which began in the advanced economies of North America and Europe in 2008, sparked abrupt declines in exports and commodity prices and reduced trade and investment, slowing growth in developing countries. Nevertheless, the momentum of economic growth in developing countries is strong enough to sustain progress on the poverty reduction target. The overall poverty rate is still expected to fall to 15 per cent by people living on less than $1.25 a day, indicating that the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) target can be met. This translates into around 920 million people living under the international poverty line—half the number in 1990.

I ÅR SLIPPER 170.000 BØRN FOR AT FÅ HIV I VUGGEGAVE

Knap halvdelen af alle hiv-smittede gravide kvinder har nu adgang til den medicin, der sikrer at en mor ikke smitter sit barn. Antallet af hiv-smittede gravide kvinder, som får en behandling, der forhindrer, at hiv overføres til deres børn, steget fra 9 procent i 2004 til 45 procent i 2008.

WHO – Millennium Development Goals: progress towards the health-related Millennium Development Goals

In 2008, around 45% of the 1.4 million HIV-positive, pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries received antiretroviral therapy (ART) to prevent the transmission of HIV to their babies.

MDG Report 2010

Expanded treatment for HIV-positive women also safeguards their newborns

More than 90 per cent of the 2.1 million children living with HIV were infected while in the womb, around the time of birth or through breastfeeding. However, this percentage can be substantially reduced by treating an expectant mother with antiretroviral therapy. Over the past decade, the international community has continually committed to scaling up access to health services and reducing the burden of HIV among women and children. These efforts are yielding results. In 2008, 45 percent of HIV-positive pregnant women, or 628,000 out of 1.4 million, received treatments in 149 low and middle-income countries – an increase of 10 per cent over the previous year.

UNAIDS/WHO -2009AIDS epidemic update

The impact of antiretroviral prophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV

Effective prevention of mother-to-child transmission involves simultaneous support for several strategies that work synergistically to reduce the odds that an infant will become infected as a result of exposure to the mother’s virus. Through the reduction in overall HIV among reproductive-age women and men, the reduction of unwanted pregnancies among HIV-positive women, the provision of antiretroviral drugs to reduce the chance of infection during pregnancy and delivery and appropriate treatment, care and support to mothers living with HIV (including infant feeding), programmes are able to reduce the chance that infants will become infected. In ideal conditions, the provision of antiretroviral prophylaxis and replacement feeding can reduce transmission from an estimated 30% to 35% with no intervention to around 1% to 2%. Most countries have not yet reached all pregnant women with these services, let alone significantly reduced HIV prevalence among reproductive-age individuals or unwanted pregnancies among HIV-positive women.

The Global Fund

Global Fund has sponsored 344,640 HIV positive pregnant women received ARV prophylaxis for PMTCT in 2009 from The Global Fund.

Born HIV Free – The Global Fund

The Global Fund pays among other things for nearly two thirds of all HIV-positive pregnant women who receive treatment to prevent HIV to be transmitted to their children around the world.

Vores beregning

Det, at Global Fund betaler for to tredjedele af PMTCT globalt betyder at ca. 510.000 kvinder i 2009 modtog PMTCT. Uden PMTCT overføres hiv til de nyfødte i 30 – 35 procent af tilfældene – med PMTCT kommer den ned på 1-2 procent. Med andre ord slipper ca. 170.000 børn født af hiv-smittede kvinder for at blive født med HIV.

BØRN I AFRIKA SNYDER DØDEN MED MÆSLINGEVACCINE

På bare ti år er antallet af børn i Afrika, som dør af mæslinger, faldet med over 90 procent

WHO – Measles

Measles vaccination resulted in a 78% drop in measles deaths between 2000 and 2008 worldwide

Millennium Promise

Declining Child Mortality – Immunizations are an important tool in public health efforts to eradicate childhood diseases. One of the most successful global health initiatives in the world is a campaign to vaccinate children against measles. Led by the American Red Cross, the UN Foundation, WHO, UNICEF and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Measles Initiative has vaccinated over 600 million children since 2001, helping to reduce global measles mortality by 74% between 2000 and 2007. During the same period, measles deaths plunged by 89% in Africa alone. Estimates show that measles immunizations have helped avert almost 7.5 million deaths from the disease.

Tremendous progress is being made on reducing childhood mortality, not only through immunization campaigns, but also through the mass distribution of insecticide-treated anti-malarial bed nets and the use of other low-cost strategies. Since 1990, the global child mortality rate has declined from 90 deaths per 1,000 live births to 65 per 1,000 live births, which means approximately 10,000 fewer children are dying each day

MDG Report 2010

Remarkable improvements in key interventions—for • malaria and HIV control, and measles immunization, for example—have cut child deaths from 12.5 million in 1990 to 8.8 million in 2008.
Globally, routine immunization against measles has continued to rise and protect millions of children against this often fatal disease. In 2008, coverage reached 81 per cent in the developing regions as a whole, up from 70 per cent in 2000. Such averages, however, mask significant inequalities in access to the vaccine. Data from 178 Demographic and Health Surveys suggest that access to measles vaccinations varies across different social and economic groups, with lower coverage for children in households that are poor or located in rural areas, or whose parents have lower levels of education. Higher birth order (that is, having many older siblings) is also associated with lower measles vaccine coverage. Disparities between girls and boys in immunization coverage are not significant, except in some South Asian countries.

OVER 90 PROCENT AF U-LANDENES BØRN KAN NU LAVE BALLADE I SKOLEN

Langt de fleste børn i udviklingslandene kommer i dag i skole – faktisk 28 millioner flere end for bare ti år siden.

MDG Monitor – Goal 2

28 million more children are able to attend school since 1999. But 75 million still miss out on education-34 million boys and 41 million girls.
More than 90% of children in developing countries are enrolled in primary schools and 54% attend secondary school.

MDG Report 2010

Enrolment in primary education has continued to rise, reaching 89 per cent in the developing world. But the pace of progress is insufficient to ensure that, by 2015, all girls and boys complete a full course of primary schooling.

To achieve the goal by the target date, all children at the official entry age for primary school would have had to be attending classes by 2009 or so, depending on the duration of the primary level and how well schools retain pupils to the end of the cycle. But in half of the sub-Saharan African countries with available data, at least one in four children of primary-school age were out of school in 2008.
Even as the number of school-age children continues to rise, the total number of children out of school is decreasing—from 106 million in 1999 to 69 million in 2008. Almost half of these children (31 million) are in sub-Saharan Africa, and more than a quarter (18 million) are in Southern Asia.

Vores kommentar

Skolemålet er måske det af målene med størst uenighed om det helt præcise tal – fra ’over 90’ til ’88’ procent af u-landenes børn, der nu går i skole.

1,6 MILLIARDER FLERE MENNESKER ER NU KOMMET PÅ VANDVOGNEN

Siden 1990 har langt flere på kloden fået adgang til rent drikkevand – faktisk 1,6 milliarder flere.

MDG Monitor – Goal 7

Since 1990, 1.6 billion more people gained access to safe drinking water.

MDG Report 2010

The world is on track to meet the drinking water target, though much remains to be done in some regions.

The most progress was made in Eastern Asia, where access to drinking water improved by almost 30 per cent over the period 1990-2008. Although coverage also expanded in sub-Saharan Africa—by 22 per cent over the same period—it remains very low, with only 60 per cent of the population served. Oceania saw no progress over the nearly 20-year period, and coverage remains very low, at about 50 per cent.

In all regions, progress was made primarily in rural areas. In the developing regions as a whole, drinking water coverage in urban areas, which stood at 94 per cent in 2008, has remained almost unchanged since 1990. At the same time, rural drinking water coverage increased from 60 per cent in 1990 to 76 per cent in 2008, narrowing the gap between rural and urban areas.

If current trends continue, the world will meet or even exceed the MDG drinking water target by 2015. By that time, an estimated 86 per cent of the population in developing regions will have gained access to improved sources of drinking water. Four regions, Northern Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean, Eastern Asia and South-Eastern Asia, have already met the target.